Sergius and Bacchus: Paired male saints loved each other in ancient Roman army
Saints Sergius and Bacchus were third-century Roman soldiers,
Christian martyrs and men who loved each other. Their story is told here
in words and images for their feast day on Oct. 7.
The close bond between Sergius and Bacchus has been emphasized since
the earliest accounts, and recent scholarship has revealed their
homosexuality. The oldest record of their martyrdom describes them as erastai (Greek for “lovers”). Scholars believe that they may have been united in the rite of adelphopoiesis (brother-making), a kind of early Christian same-sex marriage.
From ancient times until today these “gay saints” have inspired some
of the most beautiful art depicting the holiness of same-sex couples,
sometimes in a homoerotic way. A classic example of paired saints,
Sergius and Bacchus were high-ranking young officers in the Roman army.
Sergius was primicerius (commander) and Bacchus was secundarius
(subaltern officer). They were tortured to death around 303 in
present-day Syria after they refused to attend sacrifices to Zeus, thus
revealing their secret Christianity.
Saints
Sergius and Bacchus. 7th Century icon from St. Catherine’s Monastery on
Mt. Sinai in Israel. Now in an art museum in Kiev, Ukraine. (Wikimedia Commons)
The men were arrested and paraded through the streets in women’s
clothing in an unsuccessful effort to humiliate them. This punishment
apparently confirms that they defied sex roles by being lovers. Early
accounts say that they responded by chanting that they were dressed as
brides of Christ. They told their captors that women’s dress never
stopped women from worshiping Christ, so it wouldn’t stop them, either.
Then Sergius and Bacchus were separated and beaten so severely that
Bacchus died.
According to the early manuscripts, Bacchus appeared to Sergius that
night with a face as radiant as an angel’s, dressed once again as a
soldier. He urged Sergius not to give up because they would be reunited
in heaven as lovers. His statement is unique in the history of martyrs.
Usually the promised reward is union with God, not with a lover.
Gay Christian author Chris Glaser describes the vision in his book “As My Own Soul: The Blessing of Same-Gender Marriage”:
“Tortured, Bacchus died but appeared to Serge in a vision
in prison. Radiant, Bacchus told Serge they were “bound together”
forever and would be reunited, and that “your crown of justice is me, my
crown of justice is you.” (Crowning was a part of opposite-gender
ceremonies of the time.)”
Over the next days Sergius was tortured and eventually beheaded.
Sergius’ tomb became a famous shrine, and for nearly 1,000 years the
couple was revered as the official patrons of the Byzantine army. Many
early churches were named after Sergius, sometimes with Bacchus. They
have been recognized as martyrs by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and
Oriental Orthodox churches. The pair was venerated through the
Mediterranean, the Middle East, Latin America and among the Slavs.
Yale history professor John Boswell names Sergius and Bacchus as one
of the three primary pairs of same-sex lovers in the early church in his
book “Same Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe”. (The others are Polyeuct and Nearchus and Felicity and Perpetua.)
The Roman Catholic Church stripped Sergius and Bacchus from its
liturgical calendar in 1969 — the same year that New York’s Stonewall
riots launched the modern gay liberation movement.
Supposedly they were
downgraded due to lack of historical evidence, but some see it as an
anti-gay action since they clearly had churches dedicated to them long
before medieval times. Sergius and Bacchus continue to be popular saints
with Christian Arabs and now among LGBTQ Christians and allies.
Sergius and Bacchus are celebrated in art
In a striking 2013 painting at the top of this post, Alessio Ciani
of Italy shows young Sergius and Bacchus embracing in their
red-and-white military uniforms. He has done a wide variety of LGBT
illustrations and gay homoerotic art. His work has been exhibited in
Milan and Perugia.
“Saints
Sergius and Bacchus” by Robert Lentz is part of Scott Sella’s sacred
art collection in Akron, Ohio. Photo by Scott Sella.
“Saints Sergius and Bacchus” by Robert Lentz is probably the
best-known icon of the pair in the LGBTQ community. It was painted by
Brother Robert Lentz, a Franciscan friar and world-class iconographer
known for his innovative icons. The icon of the loving pair was
commissioned by the Living Circle, an interfaith LGBTQ spirituality
center founded by Dennis O’Neill. It was first displayed in June 1994
when they carried it in Chicago’s Gay Pride Parade for the first time.
Prints of “Saints Sergius and Bacchus” are available through Amazon and Trinity Stores.
“Saints Sergius and Bacchus” is one of 10 Lentz icons that sparked
major controversy since 2005. Critics accused Lentz of glorifying sin
and creating propaganda for a progressive sociopolitical agenda. They
caused such a stir that in order to keep the peace between his
Franciscan province and the Archbishop of Santa Fe, New Mexico, Lentz
temporarily gave away the copyright for the 10 controversial images to
his distributor, Trinity Stores. Lentz’ own moving spiritual journey and
some of his icons are included in the book Art That Dares: Gay Jesus, Woman Christ, and More by Kittredge Cherry.
“Saint Sergius and Saint Bacchus” from Cristianas y Cristianos de Madrid LGTB+H (CRISMHOM)
One of the newest icons of Sergius and Bacchus was painted by a member of the Cristianas y Cristianos de Madrid LGTB+H (CRISMHOM),
an LGBTQ Christian community in Madrid, Spain. The artist is serving as
a missionary in Mozambique. He portrays Christ inside a rainbow
medallion uniting Sergius and Bacchus as they join hands and gaze into
each other’s eyes. Sacred flames burn in their hearts.
Another new image of third-century gay saints Sergius and Bacchus is a
stained glass window donated in 2011 to an Illinois church by its LGBT
parishioners. The new Sergius and Bacchus window (above) was dedicated
in September 2011 at St. Martha’s Church
in Morton Grove, Illinois, as a gift from its LGBT members. Rev. Dennis
O’Neill, pastor, believes it is the first window dedicated to Sergius
and Bacchus in any church in the United States. O’Neill is the author of
Passionate Holiness: Marginalized Christian Devotions for Distinctive People. The book includes a chapter retelling the love story of Sergius and Bacchus with historical detail.
The Sergius and Bacchus window is part of a project in which members
of St. Martha’s diverse congregation were selecting and paying for a set
of 20 windows of saints from their various homelands. LGBT members
contributed the “friendship window” depicting Sergius and Bacchus. It is
a companion to the “marriage window” which shows St. Elizabeth of
Hungary and her husband, Blessed Ludwig of Thuringia.
Artist Plamen Petrov worked with Daprato Rigali Studios
to design and create the stained glass windows. He was born in
Sevlievo, Bulgaria in 1966 and currently lives in Chicago. He graduated
from University St. Cyril and St Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo,
Bulgaria’s Faculty of Fine Art in 1995, with an M.F.A. in graphic art –
printmaking and pedagogy of figurative arts. For more than a dozen
years he specialized mostly in stained glass, but his creativity takes
many forms, since he also works in mosaics, murals, oil, acrylic,
photography and graphic design. His artwork may be seen across Chicago
and Illinois, and in many countries all over the world.
Massachusetts artist Brandon Buehring included Sergius and Bacchus in
his “Legendary Love: A Queer History Project.” He uses pencil sketches
and essays “to remind queer people and our allies of our sacred
birthright as healers, educators, truth-tellers, spiritual leaders,
warriors and artists.” The project features 20 sketches of queer
historical and mythological figures from many cultures around the world.
He has a M.Ed. degree in counseling with an LGBT emphasis from North
Carolina State University in Raleigh. He works in higher education
administration as well as being a freelance illustrator based in
Northampton, Massachusetts.
The painting below is by California gay artist Rick Herold. “I over
the years as a painter have been interested in the idea of the spirit
and the flesh as one — began by Tantric art influences and then using my
Catholic background,” he told the Jesus in Love Blog. He paints with
enamel on the reverse side of clear plexiglas.
“Saints Sergius and Bacchus” by Rick Herold (details below)
Herold has a bachelor of arts degree in art and theology from the
Benedictine Monastic University of St. John in Minnesota and a master of
fine arts degree from Otis Institute of Art in Los Angeles. His
religious artwork included a Stations of the Cross commissioned by Bob
Hope for a church in Ohio before a conflict over modern art with the Los
Angeles cardinal led to disillusionment with the church. Herold came
out as gay and turned to painting male nudes.
“St. Bacchus and St. Sergius: Patrons of Same-Sex Couples by Maria Cristina
A banner saying “patrons of same sex couples” hangs above Bacchus and
Sergius in a colorful icon by Maria Cristina, an artist based in Las
Cruces, New Mexico.
On the day that California artist Ray Avito first heard the story of
Sergius and Bacchus, he sketched a delightfully unpretentious portrait
of the pair (pictured above). He said it was based on “the suspicion
that they may have been more than just comrades in arms.”
“Marriage of Saint Sergius and Saint Bacchus” (2013) by Tony de Carlo
Sergius and Bacchus are among the many saints painted by Georgia
artist Tony de Carlo. Raised Catholic, he started painting saints to
counteract the church’s demonization of LGBT people. For more info, see
my article Tony De Carlo: Artist affirms gay love with saints, Adam and Steve, and marriage equality paintings.
Historical men who loved men, including Sergius and Bacchus, are
painted by American artist Ryan Grant Long in his “Fairy Tales” series.
Sergius and Bacchus are usually portrayed as static icons, side by side
staring straight at the viewer. But Long catches them gazing into each
other’s eyes during a private moment in their prison cell. For more
info, see my article Artist paints history’s gay couples: Interview with Ryan Grant Long.
“Bacchus” and “Sergius” from the series “Five Saints” (2008) by Anthony Gayton. © Anthony Gayton / www.anthonygayton.com
Noted British photographer Anthony Gayton
does stylized homoerotic photos based on the history of gay culture. He
shows Sergius and Bacchus stripped and bound as prisoners in two
separate photos. The images are intended to be shown together, but by
design they can also be separated.
Appropriate Bible quotes are on banners above them. For Bacchus: “But
I will not take my love from him, nor will I ever betray my
faithfulness.” (Psalm 89:33). For Sergius: “All thy commandments are
faithful, they persecute me wrongly; help thou me.” (Psalm 119: 86)
His Sergius and Bacchus photos belong to the series “Five Saints.” In
addition to exploring saints, Gayton’s work uses historical themes
inspired by such diverse sources as mythology, Renaissance and Baroque
painting and early photography. Gayton’s work is published in his book Sinners and Saints.
Early
Christian saints Sergius and Bacchus appear as “patrons of
homosexuality” on handsome handmade cufflinks from artist Shoushan of
Artisan Courtyard. Saints Sergius and Bacchus pendants are available as cufflinks, pendants, lockets and bracelets through her My Altar shop. The same icon is also available on shirts at Shoushan’s Etsy shop.
Sergius and Bacchus are celebrated in literature, dance and music
Their same-sex love story is set amid dramatic events of the Roman Empire events in the 2014 novel “The Passion of Sergius and Bacchus” by David Reddish.
The explosive gay romance of the soldier-saints unfolds during the
Roman Empire in the 2014 novel “The Passion of Sergius and Bacchus” by
David Reddish. Sergius and Bacchus meet, fall in love, have a commitment
ceremony, and face deadly threats in a novel based on historical and
archeological discoveries. It dramatizes the final gasp of paganism, the
politics of newborn Christianity, and the re-discovered rites of
same-sex unions performed by the early church. From the forests of Gaul
to the streets of Constantinople, from the secret Christian hideaways of
the deaconess Macrina to the palace of the emperor, the novel provides
adventure and romance while examining questions of sexuality, faith,
sacrifice, patriotism and the nature of God. It was a finalist for the
Lambda Literary Award in the gay romance category.
A screenwriter as well as a novelist,
Reddish has won awards for his political activism as well as pop culture
acclaim for his fashion design work. He graduated with a degree in film
from the University of Central Florida and resides in Los Angeles.
The relationship of Sergius and Bacchus was reimagined in dance by Elastic Theatre in 2009 and is available on video.
The description states, “Some have come to believe that they were
lovers, and their ambiguous relationship has raised fascinating and
inevitably controversial issues of gender and sexuality in early
Christianity. With an original vocal score devised collaboratively by
the company and choreography by Lola Maury, the piece premiered at the
Arcola Theatre in July 2009 and was subsequently presented as part of
the Borderline Opera season at London Metropolitan University.”
How good, or how pleasent is the brotherly knowledge of Your Martyrs, O God.
For they did not know natural brothers in the flesh,
but for the faith were considered brothers who struggled until death.
Through their prayers, O God, have mercy on us.
Two new hymns to Sergius and Bacchus was written by George Staelens, the blogger at “Blogue de Georges.” The hymns can be heard in performance at this link from the Old-Catholic chapel of Saint Servais. Here is one stanza, which can be sung to many tunes such as “Old 100th.”
Stronger than death, the love has won ;
Sergius and Bacchus are but one ;
After their passion, they’re in heav’n ;
Together they shall rise again.
Links related to Sergius and Bacchus
Remains of ‘1,700-year-old gay couple’ found in Iran (talkradio.co.uk)
Honoring (and Learning from) the Passion of Saints Sergius and Bacchus — at The Wild Reed
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This post is part of the LGBTQ Saints series
by Kittredge Cherry. Traditional and alternative saints, people in the
Bible, LGBTQ martyrs, authors, theologians, religious leaders, artists,
deities and other figures of special interest to lesbian, gay, bisexual
and transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people and our allies are covered.Copyright © Kittredge Cherry. All rights reserved.
Qspirit.net presents the Jesus in Love Blog on LGBTQ spirituality.
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O Mosteiro de São Sérgio e São Baco (Deir Mar Sarkis wa Mar Bakhos), em Ma'alula, próximo de Damasco, erigido em memória dos dois oficiais do exército romano reconhecidos como santos pelas Igrejas cristãs, e que foram martirizados na Síria, no sécuo IV.
Fotografia que tirei em 29 de Setembro de 2005, numa das minhas viagens à Síria.